(1999) BTG1: a triiodothyronine target involved in the myogenic influence of the hormone. Jia S, Meng A (2007) Tob genes in development and homeostasis. Tirone F (2001) The gene PC3 ( TIS21/BTG2), prototype member of the PC3/BTG TOB family: regulator in control of cell growth, differentiation, and DNA repair? J Cell Physiol 187:155–165 This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Therefore, the mammalian CCR4-NOT complex appears to be involved in various transcription events controlled by the nuclear Keywords Another report showed that Cnot9 is associated with retinoic acid receptor-α (15). Cnot7 is also shown to interact with retinoid X receptor-β (14). For example, Cnot1 and Cnot7 are reported to interact with estrogen receptor-α (12,13). Accumulating evidence also shows that the mammalian Cnot proteins interact with proteins in the transcription machinery. Yeast CCR4-NOT has been considered to be a global transcription complex that regulates a variety of genes such as the nonfermentative gene either positively or negatively (11). The mammalian CCR4-NOT complex consists of 10 Cnot proteins: Cnot1-Cnot4, Ccr4a/Cnot6, Ccr4b/Cnot6L, Caf1/ Cnot7, Pop2/Cnot8, Caf40/Cnot9, and Caf130/Cnot10 (Table 1). The CCR4-NOT complex is a large (>1 MDa) multi-subunit protein complex and is conserved from yeast to humans (11). On the other hand, Tob/Btg family proteins are also implicated in translational regulation by regulating the deadenylase activity or by interacting with the polyA binding proteins (10). Both Tob and BTG2 reduce cyclin D1 expression (7,8), possibly by recruiting histone deacetylase to the cyclin D1 promoter (9), contributing to G 0/G 1 arrest. BTG2 enhances Hoxb9-mediated transcription (6). For example, Tob interacts with Smad in BMP2 signaling (4) and in T-cell anergy (5). Although they lack DNA-binding domains, the Tob/BTG proteins are generally viewed as tran-scriptional cofactors. Analysis of tob-deficient mice revealed that Tob is involved in bone development (4). For instance, BTG1 is thought to be involved in myogenesis induced by triiodothyronine (3). There is evidence that the Tob/BTG family of proteins is involved in regulation not only of cell growth but also of differentiation and development. All these proteins, when overexpressed, suppress growth of NIH3T3 cells (2). The Tob/BTG family comprises six proteins, Tob, Tob2, ANA, BTG1, BTG2/PC3/ TIS21, and PC3B, which share a common amino-terminal domain (1).
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